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770-476 bcspring and autumn period
the baichi ditch during the wu-yue rivalry connected taihu lake and the qiantang river
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221-206 bcqin dynasty
the lingshui waterway, connecting jiaxing and hangzhou's qiantang river, was opened
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581-618sui dynasty
the grand canal started excavation and the jiangnan canal was expanded
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618-907tang dynasty
the waterways inside and outside hangzhou were crisscrossed and well-connected
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907-960five dynasties and ten kingdoms
the wuyue kingdom established specific departments to manage canal water affairs
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960-1279song dynasty
the jiangnan canal was vital, with hangzhou's canal network directly managed by the court
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1271-1368late yuan dynasty
zhang shicheng opened the xinkai river, connecting wulin wharf to beixin and jiangzhang bridges
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1368-1644ming dynasty
the xinkai river and surrounding waterways took shape, making hangzhou a traffic hub
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1644-1911qing dynasty
large-scale dredging of west lake and hangzhou's waterways facilitated trade and travel
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1912-49republic of china
the grain transportation era ended, but the hangzhou section was still busy
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1989
the grand canal and the qiantang river once again converged
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recent years
the area was revitalized, showcasing a modern, green, and vibrant lifestyle along the canal
